TESS spots a mini- interior to a hot saturn in the TOI-2000 system

Lizhou Sha; Andrew M. Vanderburg; Chelsea X. Huang; David J. Armstrong; Rafael Brahm; Steven Giacalone; Mackenna L. Wood; Karen A. Collins; Louise D. Nielsen; Melissa J. Hobson; Carl Ziegler; Steve B. Howell; Pascal Torres-Miranda; Andrew W. Mann; George Zhou; Elisa Delgado-Mena; Felipe I. Rojas; Lyu Abe; Trifon Trifonov; Vardan Adibekyan; Srgio G. Sousa; Sergio B. Fajardo-Acosta; Tristan Guillot; Saburo Howard; Colin Littlefield; Faith Hawthorn; François Xavier Schmider; Jan Eberhardt; Thiam Guan Tan; Ares Osborn; Richard P. Schwarz; Paul Strøm; Andrs Jordán; Gavin Wang; Thomas Henning; Bob Massey; Nicholas Law; Chris Stockdale; Elise Furlan; Gregor Srdoc; Peter J. Wheatley; David Barrado Navascus; Jack J. Lissauer; Keivan G. Stassun; George R. Ricker; Roland K. Vanderspek; David W. Latham; Joshua N. Winn; Sara Seager; Jon M. Jenkins; Thomas Barclay; Luke G. Bouma; Jessie L. Christiansen; Natalia Guerrero; Mark E. Rose

doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1666

TESS spots a mini- interior to a hot saturn in the TOI-2000 system

Lizhou Sha, Andrew M. Vanderburg, Chelsea X. Huang, David J. Armstrong, Rafael Brahm, Steven Giacalone, Mackenna L. Wood, Karen A. Collins, Louise D. Nielsen, Melissa J. Hobson, Carl Ziegler, Steve B. Howell, Pascal Torres-Miranda, Andrew W. Mann, George Zhou, Elisa Delgado-Mena, Felipe I. Rojas, Lyu Abe, Trifon Trifonov, Vardan AdibekyanSrgio G. Sousa, Sergio B. Fajardo-Acosta, Tristan Guillot, Saburo Howard, Colin Littlefield, Faith Hawthorn, François Xavier Schmider, Jan Eberhardt, Thiam Guan Tan, Ares Osborn, Richard P. Schwarz, Paul Strøm, Andrs Jordán, Gavin Wang, Thomas Henning, Bob Massey, Nicholas Law, Chris Stockdale, Elise Furlan, Gregor Srdoc, Peter J. Wheatley, David Barrado Navascus, Jack J. Lissauer, Keivan G. Stassun, George R. Ricker, Roland K. Vanderspek, David W. Latham, Joshua N. Winn, Sara Seager, Jon M. Jenkins, Thomas Barclay, Luke G. Bouma, Jessie L. Christiansen, Natalia Guerrero, Mark E. Rose

Physics and Astronomy

Producción científica: Article › revisión exhaustiva

Resumen

Hot jupiters are typically solitary around their stars, but a few have inner companion planets. Such companions provide insights into the formation history of hot jupiters. However, less is known about inner companions to hot Saturn-mass planets. The TOI-2000 system has been discovered, consisting of a hot Saturn-mass planet and a smaller inner companion. Specifically, TOI-2000 b is a mini-neptune in a 3.10-day orbit, while TOI-2000 c, the hot Saturn, is in a 9.13-day orbit. Both planets orbit the star TOI-2000, a metal-rich G dwarf located 173 pc away. The planets were observed by TESS and confirmed using various ground-based instruments. A new method using MIST stellar evolutionary tracks through Hamiltonian Monte Carlo was utilized, proving more efficient than the traditional method. Given their bright host star, both planets are prime candidates for atmospheric study by the JWST, which could reveal if they formed simultaneously or if TOI-2000 c influenced the formation of TOI-2000 b during migration.

Idioma original	English
Páginas (desde-hasta)	1113-1138
Número de páginas	26
Publicación	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volumen	524
N.º	1
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1666
Estado	Published - sept 1 2023

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.1093/mnras/stad1666

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Sha, L., Vanderburg, A. M., Huang, C. X., Armstrong, D. J., Brahm, R., Giacalone, S., Wood, M. L., Collins, K. A., Nielsen, L. D., Hobson, M. J., Ziegler, C., Howell, S. B., Torres-Miranda, P., Mann, A. W., Zhou, G., Delgado-Mena, E., Rojas, F. I., Abe, L., Trifonov, T., ... Rose, M. E. (2023). TESS spots a mini- interior to a hot saturn in the TOI-2000 system. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 524(1), 1113-1138. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1666

Sha, L, Vanderburg, AM, Huang, CX, Armstrong, DJ, Brahm, R, Giacalone, S, Wood, ML, Collins, KA, Nielsen, LD, Hobson, MJ, Ziegler, C, Howell, SB, Torres-Miranda, P, Mann, AW, Zhou, G, Delgado-Mena, E, Rojas, FI, Abe, L, Trifonov, T, Adibekyan, V, Sousa, SG, Fajardo-Acosta, SB, Guillot, T, Howard, S, Littlefield, C, Hawthorn, F, Schmider, FX, Eberhardt, J, Tan, TG, Osborn, A, Schwarz, RP, Strøm, P, Jordán, A, Wang, G, Henning, T, Massey, B, Law, N, Stockdale, C, Furlan, E, Srdoc, G, Wheatley, PJ, Barrado Navascus, D, Lissauer, JJ, Stassun, KG, Ricker, GR, Vanderspek, RK, Latham, DW, Winn, JN, Seager, S, Jenkins, JM, Barclay, T, Bouma, LG, Christiansen, JL, Guerrero, N & Rose, ME 2023, 'TESS spots a mini- interior to a hot saturn in the TOI-2000 system', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 524, n.º 1, pp. 1113-1138. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1666

@article{e296252b7a6d4f64962e06839dd34b11,

title = "TESS spots a mini- interior to a hot saturn in the TOI-2000 system",

abstract = "Hot jupiters are typically solitary around their stars, but a few have inner companion planets. Such companions provide insights into the formation history of hot jupiters. However, less is known about inner companions to hot Saturn-mass planets. The TOI-2000 system has been discovered, consisting of a hot Saturn-mass planet and a smaller inner companion. Specifically, TOI-2000 b is a mini-neptune in a 3.10-day orbit, while TOI-2000 c, the hot Saturn, is in a 9.13-day orbit. Both planets orbit the star TOI-2000, a metal-rich G dwarf located 173 pc away. The planets were observed by TESS and confirmed using various ground-based instruments. A new method using MIST stellar evolutionary tracks through Hamiltonian Monte Carlo was utilized, proving more efficient than the traditional method. Given their bright host star, both planets are prime candidates for atmospheric study by the JWST, which could reveal if they formed simultaneously or if TOI-2000 c influenced the formation of TOI-2000 b during migration.",

keywords = "planets and satellites: detection, planets and satellites: formation, planets and satellites: gaseous planets, stars: individual: TOI-2000 (TIC 371188886), techniques: photometric, techniques: radial velocities",

author = "Lizhou Sha and Vanderburg, {Andrew M.} and Huang, {Chelsea X.} and Armstrong, {David J.} and Rafael Brahm and Steven Giacalone and Wood, {Mackenna L.} and Collins, {Karen A.} and Nielsen, {Louise D.} and Hobson, {Melissa J.} and Carl Ziegler and Howell, {Steve B.} and Pascal Torres-Miranda and Mann, {Andrew W.} and George Zhou and Elisa Delgado-Mena and Rojas, {Felipe I.} and Lyu Abe and Trifon Trifonov and Vardan Adibekyan and Sousa, {Srgio G.} and Fajardo-Acosta, {Sergio B.} and Tristan Guillot and Saburo Howard and Colin Littlefield and Faith Hawthorn and Schmider, {Fran{\c c}ois Xavier} and Jan Eberhardt and Tan, {Thiam Guan} and Ares Osborn and Schwarz, {Richard P.} and Paul Str{\o}m and Andrs Jord{\'a}n and Gavin Wang and Thomas Henning and Bob Massey and Nicholas Law and Chris Stockdale and Elise Furlan and Gregor Srdoc and Wheatley, {Peter J.} and {Barrado Navascus}, David and Lissauer, {Jack J.} and Stassun, {Keivan G.} and Ricker, {George R.} and Vanderspek, {Roland K.} and Latham, {David W.} and Winn, {Joshua N.} and Sara Seager and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Thomas Barclay and Bouma, {Luke G.} and Christiansen, {Jessie L.} and Natalia Guerrero and Rose, {Mark E.}",

note = "Funding Information: TG and SH acknowledge support from the Programme National de Plan{\'e}tologie. Funding Information: Some of the observations in the paper made use of the High-Resolution Imaging instrument Zorro obtained under Gemini LLP Proposal Number: GN/S-2021A-LP-105. Zorro was funded by the NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program and built at the NASA Ames Research Center by Steve B. Howell, Nic Scott, Elliott P. Horch, and Emmett Quigley. Zorro was mounted on the Gemini South telescope of the international Gemini Observatory, a programme of NSF{\textquoteright}s OIR Lab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (NSF) on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigaci{\'o}n y Desarrollo (ANID, Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog{\'i}a e Innovaci{\'o}n (Argentina), Minist{\'e}rio da Ci{\^e}ncia, Tecnologia, Inova{\c c}{\~o}es e Comunica{\c c}{\~o}es (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea). Funding Information: RB, AJ, and MH acknowledge support from ANID Millennium Science Initiative ICN12_009. AJ acknowledges additional support from FONDECYT project 1210718. RB acknowledges support from FONDECYT Project 11200751. Funding Information: This work makes use of observations from the ASTEP telescope. ASTEP benefited from the support of the French and Italian polar agencies Institut polaire fran{\c c}ais Paul-{\'E}mile Victor (IPEV) and the Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA) in the framework of the Concordia station programme. Funding Information: DJA is supported by UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) through the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) (ST/R00384X/1) and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (EP/X027562/1). Funding Information: TT acknowledges support by the DFG Research Unit FOR 2544 {\textquoteleft}Blue Planets around Red Stars{\textquoteright} project no. KU 3625/2-1. TT further acknowledges support by the Bulgarian National Science Fund (BNSF) programme {\textquoteleft}VIHREN-2021{\textquoteright} project no. KP-06-DV/5. Funding Information: We acknowledge the support from Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e a Tecnologia (FCT) through national funds and from FEDER through COMPETE2020 by the following grants: UIDB/04434/2020 & UIDP/04434/2020. EDM acknowledges the support from FCT through Stimulus FCT contract 2021.01294.CEECIND. SGS acknowledges the support from FCT through Investigador FCT contract nr.CEECIND/00826/2018 and POPH/FSE (EC). VA acknowledges the support from FCT through the 2022.06962.PTDC grant. Funding Information: CXH and GZ acknowledge the support of the Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (ARC DECRA) programmes DE200101840 and DE210101893, respectively. Funding Information: This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.",

year = "2023",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stad1666",

language = "English",

volume = "524",

pages = "1113--1138",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - TESS spots a mini- interior to a hot saturn in the TOI-2000 system

AU - Sha, Lizhou

AU - Vanderburg, Andrew M.

AU - Huang, Chelsea X.

AU - Armstrong, David J.

AU - Brahm, Rafael

AU - Giacalone, Steven

AU - Wood, Mackenna L.

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Nielsen, Louise D.

AU - Hobson, Melissa J.

AU - Ziegler, Carl

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - Torres-Miranda, Pascal

AU - Mann, Andrew W.

AU - Zhou, George

AU - Delgado-Mena, Elisa

AU - Rojas, Felipe I.

AU - Abe, Lyu

AU - Trifonov, Trifon

AU - Adibekyan, Vardan

AU - Sousa, Srgio G.

AU - Fajardo-Acosta, Sergio B.

AU - Guillot, Tristan

AU - Howard, Saburo

AU - Littlefield, Colin

AU - Hawthorn, Faith

AU - Schmider, François Xavier

AU - Eberhardt, Jan

AU - Tan, Thiam Guan

AU - Osborn, Ares

AU - Schwarz, Richard P.

AU - Strøm, Paul

AU - Jordán, Andrs

AU - Wang, Gavin

AU - Henning, Thomas

AU - Massey, Bob

AU - Law, Nicholas

AU - Stockdale, Chris

AU - Furlan, Elise

AU - Srdoc, Gregor

AU - Wheatley, Peter J.

AU - Barrado Navascus, David

AU - Lissauer, Jack J.

AU - Stassun, Keivan G.

AU - Ricker, George R.

AU - Vanderspek, Roland K.

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

AU - Seager, Sara

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Barclay, Thomas

AU - Bouma, Luke G.

AU - Christiansen, Jessie L.

AU - Guerrero, Natalia

AU - Rose, Mark E.

N1 - Funding Information: TG and SH acknowledge support from the Programme National de Planétologie. Funding Information: Some of the observations in the paper made use of the High-Resolution Imaging instrument Zorro obtained under Gemini LLP Proposal Number: GN/S-2021A-LP-105. Zorro was funded by the NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program and built at the NASA Ames Research Center by Steve B. Howell, Nic Scott, Elliott P. Horch, and Emmett Quigley. Zorro was mounted on the Gemini South telescope of the international Gemini Observatory, a programme of NSF’s OIR Lab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (NSF) on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID, Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Argentina), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea). Funding Information: RB, AJ, and MH acknowledge support from ANID Millennium Science Initiative ICN12_009. AJ acknowledges additional support from FONDECYT project 1210718. RB acknowledges support from FONDECYT Project 11200751. Funding Information: This work makes use of observations from the ASTEP telescope. ASTEP benefited from the support of the French and Italian polar agencies Institut polaire français Paul-Émile Victor (IPEV) and the Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA) in the framework of the Concordia station programme. Funding Information: DJA is supported by UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) through the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) (ST/R00384X/1) and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (EP/X027562/1). Funding Information: TT acknowledges support by the DFG Research Unit FOR 2544 ‘Blue Planets around Red Stars’ project no. KU 3625/2-1. TT further acknowledges support by the Bulgarian National Science Fund (BNSF) programme ‘VIHREN-2021’ project no. KP-06-DV/5. Funding Information: We acknowledge the support from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through national funds and from FEDER through COMPETE2020 by the following grants: UIDB/04434/2020 & UIDP/04434/2020. EDM acknowledges the support from FCT through Stimulus FCT contract 2021.01294.CEECIND. SGS acknowledges the support from FCT through Investigador FCT contract nr.CEECIND/00826/2018 and POPH/FSE (EC). VA acknowledges the support from FCT through the 2022.06962.PTDC grant. Funding Information: CXH and GZ acknowledge the support of the Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (ARC DECRA) programmes DE200101840 and DE210101893, respectively. Funding Information: This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.

PY - 2023/9/1

Y1 - 2023/9/1

N2 - Hot jupiters are typically solitary around their stars, but a few have inner companion planets. Such companions provide insights into the formation history of hot jupiters. However, less is known about inner companions to hot Saturn-mass planets. The TOI-2000 system has been discovered, consisting of a hot Saturn-mass planet and a smaller inner companion. Specifically, TOI-2000 b is a mini-neptune in a 3.10-day orbit, while TOI-2000 c, the hot Saturn, is in a 9.13-day orbit. Both planets orbit the star TOI-2000, a metal-rich G dwarf located 173 pc away. The planets were observed by TESS and confirmed using various ground-based instruments. A new method using MIST stellar evolutionary tracks through Hamiltonian Monte Carlo was utilized, proving more efficient than the traditional method. Given their bright host star, both planets are prime candidates for atmospheric study by the JWST, which could reveal if they formed simultaneously or if TOI-2000 c influenced the formation of TOI-2000 b during migration.

AB - Hot jupiters are typically solitary around their stars, but a few have inner companion planets. Such companions provide insights into the formation history of hot jupiters. However, less is known about inner companions to hot Saturn-mass planets. The TOI-2000 system has been discovered, consisting of a hot Saturn-mass planet and a smaller inner companion. Specifically, TOI-2000 b is a mini-neptune in a 3.10-day orbit, while TOI-2000 c, the hot Saturn, is in a 9.13-day orbit. Both planets orbit the star TOI-2000, a metal-rich G dwarf located 173 pc away. The planets were observed by TESS and confirmed using various ground-based instruments. A new method using MIST stellar evolutionary tracks through Hamiltonian Monte Carlo was utilized, proving more efficient than the traditional method. Given their bright host star, both planets are prime candidates for atmospheric study by the JWST, which could reveal if they formed simultaneously or if TOI-2000 c influenced the formation of TOI-2000 b during migration.

KW - planets and satellites: detection

KW - planets and satellites: formation

KW - planets and satellites: gaseous planets

KW - stars: individual: TOI-2000 (TIC 371188886)

KW - techniques: photometric

KW - techniques: radial velocities

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U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stad1666

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stad1666

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AN - SCOPUS:85163815148

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VL - 524

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EP - 1138

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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